It’s critically important for Canadians to have accurate information enabling them to make informed choices regarding responsible alcohol consumption and what amount of consumption, if any, is appropriate for them. Unfortunately, some groups have recently made sweeping and alarmist statements regarding alcohol and health which CARD believes to be misleading.

Not Appropriate to Make Definitive Statements

It is difficult (and unwise) to make definitive statements about the relationship of alcohol consumption and health because there has never been a large enough high quality study with sufficient controls to enable robust conclusions (it is difficult to perform such studies). Rather, the available studies (hundreds of them) are smaller and observational in nature. They usually rely on people self-reporting information which can be unreliable and which can affect the validity of the conclusions. It’s also very difficult to monitor and control all the complicating factors related to people’s lifestyles (e.g. lack of exercise, diet, socio-economic position, stress, alcohol). As such, the studies can only demonstrate correlation rather than causation (i.e. it “looks like” there may be a link between “x” and “y” rather than being able to say that “x” causes “y”).

Science Has Not Changed

Indeed, the vast majority of such studies (hundreds of them) have consistently shown for decades that those who consume alcohol in moderation are, on average, either just as healthy as non-drinkers or are actually slightly healthier. Despite the claims of some groups, “the science” in this regard has not changed … and studies continue to show the same results: those who drink in moderation have the same or better life expectancy than those who do not drink at all. It is puzzling how some groups continue to ignore such evidence. You can review a compilation of some recent studies here: Recent Studies on Alcohol & Health.

Misleading Statements

As such, CARD believes that it is very misleading to make statements such as “alcohol causes cancer” because this is too simplistic. A more accurate statement would be to say that “alcohol may contribute to some types of cancer depending upon the amount consumed”. Indeed, as noted above, the evidence from the vast majority of studies shows correlation (links) between moderate alcohol consumption and improved cardiovascular health while also showing some increases in risk for certain types of cancer, some of which are very rare. Depending upon the individual, these potential benefits and risks could balance each other out, could provide an indicator of worse health or could provide an indicator of improved health. As a result, it is wise for each person to educate themselves and to make their own decisions about what benefits and risks they are comfortable with.

Unbiased Resources

The following resources should help you to educate yourself regarding responsible alcohol consumption and these potential benefits and risks. These are non-biased reliable sources that are based on sound science.

Harvard - T.C. Chan School of Public Health
Alcohol Balancing Risks + Benefits

Mayo Clinic
Alcohol Use: Weighing Risks and Benefits

Educalcool Quebec (Quebec Government)
The Effects of Moderate Drinking